Sunday, 9 March 2014

Notes - Week 7 - Samvar & Nirjara

Week 7 Notes

Path of Purification
Samvar and Nirjara

Jain Dharma has attempted to reform and ennoble every facet of an individual’s life.  Life becomes distorted even if one facet is not properly disciplined and directed.

SAMVAR

At this stage everything that we have learnt is brought together under one roof, so you may see many repetitions eg Principles, virtues.  At the same time it demonstrates that the philosophy is very simple and straightforward to follow.  At advanced levels it just gets detailed yet remains a simple philosophy.

Jainism shows 57 ways of avoiding influx of karma.  These can be grouped into:
1.    Habit of Carefulness in daily activities (Samiti) – 5
Of the 5, pay particular attention to these as laymen:
·       Regulation of walking so as not to injure any living beings
·       Regulation of speech to avoid hurting others feelings
·       Regulation of eating of food, quantity, variety, frequency

2.    Control of Mind, Body and Speech (Gupti) – 3. Influx of karma takes place through at least through one of this, so it is vital to keep control over them.
·       Regulation of mind to allow only pure thoughts.  Master the mind.  Distraction, impure thoughts and ignorance should be removed.
·       Regulation of speech, observing silence or speaking only as much necessary

3.    Cultivation of virtues – 10.  To counteract the 4 inner enemies, we engage in virtues we learnt earlier - the 5 main principles plus austerity, humility, contentment, renunciation, self-restraint

4.    Bhavna – reflecting or contemplating on 12 concepts.
·       Most of the concepts will not be new to you by now.  But what Jainism calls for is conscious thinking, meditating, contemplating on these concepts. 
·       This is an intellectual exercise meant to convince, clarify and fortify your adherence to the path.

The 12 Bhavnas are

1.    Transitory nature of everything, impermanence of the world.  What causes us pain is our insistence of things of our liking remaining permanent
2.    No protection.  No one protects us from pain.  We are masters of our own Karma.  We have to learn to bear them on our own.
3.    Life and Death – the continuous cycle is endless.  A purpose must be found, if there is one.
4.    Loneliness – I am alone, I alone chart the course of my life, I alone bear the fruit of my karma, I cannot relieve others of their karma.
5.    Separateness – I am the soul, not the body.  The world, my family, my body are all different and separate from my real self.
6.    Impurity of the body – the body is impure made of blood, flesh and excrement.  But body must be looked after as it is the vehicle to liberation
7.    Ashrav – contemplate on the inflow of Karma and its effects.  All causes that create Karmic inflow should be avoided. 
8.    Samvar – contemplate on the ways of stopping influx.  Contemplate on the virtues that lead to stoppage of influx.
9.    Nirjara – contemplate on the ways of shedding Karma
10.                       Universe – contemplate on the nature of the universe, the four realms of existence (in the sathio).
11.                       Rarity of Enlightenment – it is difficult acquire the right knowledge.  Take the advantage to develop right authority.
12.                       Reflection on true nature of religion and on 3 fold path of liberation as preached by Tirthankars.

5.    Tolerating trouble and hardships.



NIRJARA

Karma come to fruition and are shed off, but at the same time new karma are bound.  Therefore Karma should be shed off before they produce new Karma.

The way to do this is by Penance or Tapa. Tapa can be split into internal and external.

Tap should be done with the right attitude.  Never to show off ones capability of doing Tapa.  Tapa is an individual’s effort.

EXTERNAL TAPA
1.    Fasting
2.    Semi Fastning – eating less than one’s needs or apetite
3.    Limiting variety
4.    Giving up delicacies
5.    Lonely habitation – Staying in a secluded place away from people
6.    Mortification – putting the body through hardship, but in a way that does not harm the mind

INTERNAL TAPA
1.    Confession or repentance of sins
2.    Reverence or humble and modest behaviour
3.    Rendering Service to saints
4.    Study of Scriptures
5.    Meditation
6.    Renunciation

Only a person who is imbued with full faith in the validity of the Jain philosophy and is possessed of the right knowledge of soul and matter can progress further on this path.


Here ends the introduction to the philosophy of Jainism.  Full faith and right knowledge is a must.  Deeper study of each Tattva is necessary.

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